Spring washer
A spring washer can provide axial flexibility or limited settlement compensation through elastic deformation, but spring-washer geometries are not all equivalent. Spring action does not guarantee prevention of vibration loosening. Washer form, load-deflection behaviour, hardness, temperature, mating surface and installation method must be matched to the bolted-joint analysis.
Application and duty
Bolted joints requiring axial flexibility or settlement compensation without assuming automatic locking